Instructions for Aciclovir
Composition Aciclovir
1 tab
- Acyclovir 200 mg or 400 mg
Excipients: microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, indigo carmine, magnesium stearate, sodium starch glycolate, purified water.
pharmachologic effect Aciclovir:
Antiviral drug Acyclovir is a synthetic analog of thymidine nucleoside.
In infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, phosphorylation occurs and monophosphate is converted to Acyclovir. Under the influence of Acyclovir guanylate cyclase, monophosphate is converted to diphosphate and under the action of several cellular enzymes into triphosphate. The high selectivity of action and low toxicity for humans are due to the lack of the necessary enzyme for the formation of Acyclovir triphosphate in intact cells of the microorganism.
Acyclovir triphosphate, "embedding" in the virus synthesized by the virus, blocks the reproduction of the virus. The specificity and very high selectivity of action are also due to its predominant accumulation in cells affected by the herpes virus.
Highly active against Herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 virus; varicella-zoster virus (Varicella zoster); Epstein-Barr virus (types of viruses are listed in ascending order of magnitude of the IPC of Acyclovir).
Moderately active against CMV.
When herpes prevents the formation of new elements of the rash, reduces the likelihood of skin dissemination and visceral complications, accelerates the formation of crusts, reduces pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster. It has an immunostimulating effect.
Indications Aciclovir:
- Treatment of primary and recurrent severe genital herpes (including in patients with impaired immunity) - orally and parenterally;
- prevention of often recurrent (6 or more cases per year) of genital herpes (including in patients with impaired immunity) - orally;
- treatment of primary and recurrent herpes simplex with damage to the skin and mucous membranes caused by the Herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 virus, in patients with impaired immunity - orally, parenterally; Acyclovir
- Herpes simplex prevention in patients with impaired immunity (including after transplantation and taking immunosuppressive drugs, HIV-infected patients, during chemotherapy) - by mouth;
- Herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 encephalitis is parenteral;
- treatment of herpes zoster caused by Varicella zoster virus, in adults - inside; in patients with impaired immunity and with generalized herpes zoster in patients with intact immunity - parenterally;
- prevention of herpes zoster caused by Varicella zoster after the initial use of Acyclovir for parenteral use in all patients with impaired immunity (including after transplantation and when taking immunosuppressive drugs, HIV-infected patients, against the background of chemotherapy) - orally;
- herpes zoster with eye lesions - inwards, parenterally;
- generalized infection in newborns caused by the Herpes simplex virus - parenterally;
- chicken pox in patients with intact immunity within 24 hours after the appearance of a typical rash - inside, in patients with impaired immunity - parenterally.
Contraindications Aciclovir:
Hypersensitivity (including to valacyclovir), children up to 3 years (for solid LF).
Carefully. Pregnancy, lactation.
Side effects Aciclovir:
On the part of the digestive system: in isolated cases - abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; rarely, a transient increase in liver enzyme activity, hyperbilirubinemia.
On the part of the blood system: rarely - leukopenia, erythropenia.
From the side of the central nervous system: rarely - headache, weakness; in some cases - tremor, dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness, hallucinations.
Allergic reactions: skin rash; rarely - allergic dermatitis (when applying the ointment).
Local reactions: when applying the ointment Acyclovir it is possible - redness, itching, peeling, burning or stinging.
Other: rarely - alopecia, fever, increased levels of urea and creatinine.
Interaction Aciclovir:
With simultaneous use with probenecid, the average half-life increases and the clearance of Acyclovir decreases.
When taken simultaneously with nephrotoxic drugs increases the risk of developing renal dysfunction.
How to take Aciclovir:
Dosing regimen set individually depending on the severity of the disease.
In the treatment of infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the virus Herpes simplex type 1 and 2, adults and children over 2 years of age Acyclovir is prescribed 200 mg 5 times / day for 5 days at intervals of 4 hours during the day and at intervals of 8 hours at night . In more severe cases, the disease may increase the course of treatment.
As part of complex therapy for severe immunodeficiency, including the expanded clinical picture of HIV infection (including early clinical manifestations of HIV infection and the AIDS stage), after bone marrow implantation, 400 mg is prescribed 5 times / day.
For the prevention of recurrence of infections caused by the Herpes simplex type 1 and 2 virus, patients with a normal immune status and with a relapse of the disease are prescribed 200 mg 4 times / day every 6 hours.
For the prevention of infections caused by the Herpes simplex type 1 and 2 virus, adults and children over 2 years old with immunodeficiency, the drug is prescribed 200 mg 4 times / day every 6 hours, the maximum dose is 400 mg 5 times / day.
In the treatment of infections caused by the Varicella zoster virus, adults are prescribed 800 mg 5 times / day at intervals of 4 hours during the day and at intervals of 8 hours at night. Duration of treatment is 7-10 days. Children over 2 years old should be prescribed 20 mg / kg of body weight 4 times / day for 5 days, children weighing more than 40 kg should be prescribed the drug in the same dosage as adults.
When treating herpes zoster (Herpes zoster), adults are prescribed 800 mg 4 times / day every 6 hours for 5 days. Children over 6 years old - 800 mg 4 times a day; 2-6 years - 400 mg 4 times a day; under 2 years old - 200 mg 4 times a day. More precisely, the dose can be determined at the rate of 20 mg / kg, but not more than 800 mg 4 times / day. The course of treatment is 5 days.
In patients with pronounced impaired renal function (CK) in the treatment and prevention of infections caused by the Herpes simplex virus, the drug is prescribed 200 mg 2 times / day at intervals of 12 hours.
In the treatment of infections caused by the virus Varicella zoster, for patients with QA, the drug is prescribed at 800 mg 2 times / day at intervals of 12 hours; at CC from 10 to 25 ml / min - 800 mg 3 times / day at intervals of 8 hours.
The drug Acyclovir should be taken during or immediately after a meal and drink plenty of water.
Overdose Aciclovir:
Reported ingestion of 20 g of acyclovir. Symptoms: agitation, coma, convulsions, lethargy. Aciclovir can precipitate in the renal tubules if its concentration exceeds the solubility in the renal tubules (2.5 mg / ml).
Overdose with parenteral administration (with bolus administration, or use in high doses, or in patients who have not properly controlled water-electrolyte balance): increased urea nitrogen, hypercreatininemia, renal dysfunction, lethargy, convulsions, coma.
Treatment: maintenance of vital functions, hemodialysis.
Special instructions Aciclovir:
Caution should be given to Acyclovir in patients with impaired renal function in elderly patients due to an increase in the half-life of acyclovir.
At use of drug it is necessary to provide receipt of a sufficient amount of liquid.
