What Causes Acne
Many young people and girls face the problem of acne, which manifests itself in inflammation and blockage of the hair follicles, which leads to the formation of redness and painful pimples with a purulent "head". It can be caused by a variety of factors, including poor skin care, excessive fat, frequent injuries, as well as internal diseases, metabolic disorders and endocrine disorders. What means will help to get rid of acne and how to change skin care?
Inflammation of the sebaceous glands: the problem of acne
Acne is caused by the sebaceous glands that are located in the skin and release secretions to moisturize and protect it. In acne, the hair follicle estuaries become blocked, interfering with the normal excretion of sebum, resulting in inflammation. This causes swelling, redness, and pimples with a purulent head. Acne most commonly manifests on the face, neck, chest, and back, causing aesthetic discomfort and increasing the risk of scars and scarring when squeezed out.
The causes of the inflammation vary, and manifestations range from small single elements to large eruptions with diffuse redness and tenderness. Acne is often caused by metabolic disorders, endocrine system disorders, digestive disorders, and disorders of nervous regulation.
Inflammation in acne is not only a cosmetic problem, but also a reflection of the general state of the body, so the approach to treatment must be complex.
Pathogenesis of acne: causes and mechanisms of development
Acne is caused by overactive sebaceous glands plus overgrowth of bacteria, which are abundant in the face and body. Excess sebum accumulates at the mouths of hair follicles, causing skin irritation. The bacteria, in turn, cause inflammation that leads to the formation of purulent contents.
The process of glandular involvement occurs in stages. Increased sebaceous gland activity causes overproduction of sebum, which becomes more viscous and dense. This makes it difficult to remove it from the skin surface, contributing to the formation of plugs around the hair, which serve as a breeding ground for bacteria.
The dead bacteria, epithelial cells, and sebum remnants form a white head at the apex of the acne, surrounded by inflammation and redness. Redness and swelling are protective responses by the body to help localize infection and prevent damage to surrounding tissues.
Attempts to squeeze out the acne only make the situation worse by encouraging the bacteria to spread to nearby areas of the skin.
The development of acne (acne) can be associated with many factors, both external and internal. Let’s take a closer look at what might contribute to the problem.
Hormonal changes
Adolescence: During puberty, androgen levels, especially testosterone, increase, leading to increased sebaceous gland activity and comedone formation.
Menstrual cycle: In women, fluctuations in hormones before menstruation can lead to pimples.
Reproductive disorders: Polycystic ovaries and other endocrine disorders can cause hormonal imbalances that contribute to acne.
Diseases of organs and systems
Digestive problems: Disorders such as colitis and gastritis can cause malabsorption of nutrients, which affects the skin.
Microflora: Intestinal dysbiosis can affect skin health by causing inflammation.
Diseases of the liver and pancreas: These organs play an important role in metabolism, and their malfunction may manifest as acne.
External factors
Inappropriate skin care: Using inappropriate cosmetics, neglecting hygiene, or washing the skin too frequently can cause irritation and acne.
Ambient conditions: Contaminated environments, high humidity, and temperature can also contribute to pores and inflammation.
Power
Malnutrition: Excessive intake of sugars and fats, as well as protein and vitamin deficiencies, can negatively affect the skin.
Allergic reactions: Food allergies can also manifest on the skin, including acne.
Stress and immunity
Stress: Emotional changes and chronic stress can increase levels of cortisol, which in turn can affect the sebaceous glands.
Decreased immune function: Immunocompromise may lead to increased inflammation and acne.
